Falls are not just a normal part of aging, but they are common. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in 4 adults 65 and older reports a fall each year, and falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths for this age group. A fall can lead to broken bones, a loss of confidence and a loss of independence.
The good news is that many falls can be prevented. Start with your home.
Room-by-room checklist
Stairs and steps
- Handrails on both sides of the stairs, securely fastened and running the full length.
- Light switches at the top and bottom of the stairs, or motion-sensor lights.
- No clutter on stairs.
- Non-slip treads or carpet that is firmly attached.
- Contrasting tape on the edge of each step if they are hard to see.
Floors in every room
- Remove throw rugs, or secure them with double-sided tape or non-slip backing.
- Move cords and wires out of walkways, along walls.
- Keep paths clear of boxes, shoes, newspapers and pet toys.
- Arrange furniture so you have wide, clear paths.
Bathroom
- Grab bars inside and next to the tub or shower and beside the toilet.
- Non-slip mats or strips in the tub or shower.
- A shower chair and a handheld shower head, if standing is tiring.
- A raised toilet seat or toilet safety frame, if needed.
- A night light.
See bathroom safety for more detail.
Bedroom
- A lamp you can reach from bed, so you never walk in the dark.
- Night lights along the path to the bathroom.
- A phone within reach of the bed.
- A bed height that lets you sit with your feet flat on the floor.
Kitchen
- Everyday items on lower shelves, between waist and shoulder height.
- A sturdy step stool with a handle, never a chair, for reaching higher shelves.
- Spills wiped up right away.
Outside
- Bright lighting at entrances and along walkways.
- Handrails on outdoor steps.
- Cracked or uneven pavement repaired.
- Salt or sand on icy steps in winter, and leaves cleared in fall.
Healthy habits that lower your risk
- Stay active. Strength and balance exercises, tai chi and walking all help. See balance exercises you can do at home.
- Review your medicines. Some cause dizziness or drowsiness. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to review them. See managing medications safely.
- Get your eyes checked at least once a year, and update your glasses.
- Wear sturdy shoes with non-slip soles, both inside and outside. Avoid walking in socks or floppy slippers.
- Get up slowly from lying or sitting, especially at night.
- Talk to your doctor about any fall or near-fall, even if you were not hurt. Ask whether you should be checked for fall risk.
If you fall
- Stay calm and check yourself for injury before trying to move.
- If you are hurt or cannot get up, call for help with your phone, a medical alert device or by calling out.
- If you can get up, roll onto your side, rest, then get onto your hands and knees and crawl to a sturdy chair. Place your hands on the seat, put one foot forward and slowly rise, then sit down.
- Tell your doctor about the fall.
A medical alert device can bring help if you cannot reach a phone. See medical alert systems.
